Grand Challenges of Traceability: The Next Ten Years

In 2007, the software and systems traceability community met at the first Natural Bridge symposium on the Grand Challenges of Traceability to establish and address research goals for achieving effective, trustworthy, and ubiquitous traceability. Ten years later, in 2017, the community came together to evaluate a decade of progress towards achieving these goals. These proceedings document some of that progress. They include a series of short position papers, representing current work in the community organized across four process axes of traceability practice. The sessions covered topics from Trace Strategizing, Trace Link Creation and Evolution, Trace Link Usage, real-world applications of Traceability, and Traceability Datasets and benchmarks. Two breakout groups focused on the importance of creating and sharing traceability datasets within the research community, and discussed challenges related to the adoption of tracing techniques in industrial practice. Members of the research community are engaged in many active, ongoing, and impactful research projects. Our hope is that ten years from now we will be able to look back at a productive decade of research and claim that we have achieved the overarching Grand Challenge of Traceability, which seeks for traceability to be always present, built into the engineering process, and for it to have "effectively disappeared without a trace". We hope that others will see the potential that traceability has for empowering software and systems engineers to develop higher-quality products at increasing levels of complexity and scale, and that they will join the active community of Software and Systems traceability researchers as we move forward into the next decade of research

Micellar Aggregates of Gemini Surfactants: Monte Carlo Simulation of a Microscopic Model

We propose a "microscopic" model of gemini surfactants in aqueous solution. Carrying out extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we study the variation of the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of these model gemini surfactants with the variation of the (a) length of the spacer connecting the two hydrophilic heads, (b) length of the hydrophobic tail and (c) the bending rigidity of the hydrocarbon chains forming the spacer and the tail; some of the trends of variation are counter-intuitive but are in excellent agreement with the available experimental results. Our simulations also elucidate the dependence of the shapes of the micellar aggregates and the magnitude of the CMC on the geometrical shape and size of the surfactant molecules and the electrical charge on the hydrophilic heads

Evolution of superconductivity in Fe-based systems with doping

We study the symmetry and the structure of the gap in Fe-based superconductors by decomposing the pairing interaction obtained in the RPA into s- and d-wave components and into contributions from scattering between different Fermi surfaces. We show that each interaction is well approximated by the lowest angular harmonics and use this simplification to analyze the origin of the attraction in the two channels, the competition between s- and d-wave solutions, and the origin of superconductivity in heavily doped systems, when only electron or only hole pockets are present.Comment: 4pp, 2 figures, 2 table

Effect of non-magnetic impurities on the magnetic states of anatase TiO2_2

The electronic and magnetic properties of TiO$_2$, TiO$_{1.75}$, TiO$_{1.75}$N$_{0.25}$, and TiO$_{1.75}$F$_{0.25}$ compounds have been studied by using \emph{ab initio} electronic structure calculations. TiO$_2$ is found to evolve from a wide-band-gap semiconductor to a narrow-band-gap semiconductor to a half-metallic state and finally to a metallic state with oxygen vacancy, N-doping and F-doping, respectively. Present work clearly shows the robust magnetic ground state for N- and F-doped TiO$_2$. The N-doping gives rise to magnetic moment of $\sim$0.4 $\mu_B$ at N-site and $\sim$0.1 $\mu_B$ each at two neighboring O-sites, whereas F-doping creates a magnetic moment of $\sim$0.3 $\mu_B$ at the nearest Ti atom. Here we also discuss the possible cause of the observed magnetic states in terms of the spatial electronic charge distribution of Ti, N and F atoms responsible for bond formation.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures To appear J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Evolution of the Kondo resonance feature and its relationship to spin-orbit coupling across the quantum critical point in Ce2Rh{1-x}CoxSi3

We investigate the evolution of the electronic structure of Ce2Rh{1-x}CoxSi3 as a function of x employing high resolution photoemission spectroscopy. Co substitution at the Rh sites in antiferromagnetic Ce2RhSi3 leads to a transition from an antiferromagnetic system to a Kondo system, Ce2CoSi3 via the Quantum Critical Point (QCP). High resolution photoemission spectra reveal distinct signature of the Kondo resonance feature (KRF) and its spin orbit split component (SOC) in the whole composition range indicating finite Kondo temperature scale at the quantum critical point. We observe that the intensity ratio of the Kondo resonance feature and its spin orbit split component, KRF/SOC gradually increases with the decrease in temperature in the strong hybridization limit. The scenario gets reversed if the Kondo temperature becomes lower than the magnetic ordering temperature. While finite Kondo temperature within the magnetically ordered phase indicates applicability of the spin density wave picture at the approach to QCP, the dominant temperature dependence of the spin-orbit coupled feature suggests importance of spin-orbit interactions in this regime.Comment: 6 figure

A single form of metallothionein is present in both heavy metal induced and neonatal chicken liver

Multiplicity of metallothionein and their genes in higher animals are documented extensively in recent literature. In contrast, chicken liver Produced apparently a single form of metallothionein upon heavy metal exposure. This protein was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography and another technique based on heat treatment and acetone fractionation, followed by ion exchange chromatography. In adult uninduced chicken liver the presence of metallothionein was below the detection limit. But, like mammalian system, chicken liver was found to contain high amount of metallothionein at neonatal stage. This naturally occurring neonatal chicken hepatic metallothionein was purified and compared with the heavy metal induced adult hepatic metallothionein. The biochemical and immunobiological comparative analysis of adult and neonatal hepatic metallothionein showed identical characteristics. The neonatal metaltothionein expressed naturally was a zinc metallothionein and unlike few other mammalian neonatal metallothionein did not contain any copper. Metallothionein was undectable in unfertilized eggs, in early embryos, and in postnatal chicken, from 4 weeks after birth. The highest level of this naturally occurring neonatal metallothionein was found in 1-4 day old neonatal liver, which was about 1.5% of the total cytosolic protein. This is the first reported evidence for the presence of ontogenically modulated expression of metallothionein in avian system. Possible biological role of neonatal metallothionein and their cellular interactions has been discussed

Awareness On Current Status of Basal Implants Among Dental Students

Background: Basal implantology also known as bicortical implantology or just cortical implantology is a modern implantology system which utilizes the basal cortical portion of the jaw bones for retention of the dental implants, which are uniquely designed to be accommodated in the basal cortical bone areas Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the awareness of current status on basal implants among dental students. Materials and methods : A survey with the aid of specially designed questionnaires was made anonymously, in order to assess the awareness of basal implants among dental students.The responses were then collected and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS Software (Version 23). Frequency distribution and percentage were calculated. Results : Results from this study reveals that 64% of them were postgraduates and 35% were undergraduates. 50% of postgraduates were aware about basal implants. Only 36% of the postgraduates knew that basal implants are a completely new method of dental rehabilitation that does not require bone replacement even in the worst cases.29% of postgraduates knew that installation of quick loading basal implants can cost less than traditional implantation due to the shortened volume of treatment stages. 36% of the postgraduates marked disk form is the common type of basal implants. Conclusion :The overall awareness of undergraduates and postgraduates regarding basal implants needs to be improved, given the tendency of dental students to engage in implant dentistry.The study should be done on a large scale to get baseline data pertaining to knowledge and awareness to the dental students

Peristaltic Transport of a Rheological Fluid: Model for Movement of Food Bolus Through Esophagus

Fluid mechanical peristaltic transport through esophagus has been of concern in the paper. A mathematical model has been developed with an aim to study the peristaltic transport of a rheological fluid for arbitrary wave shapes and tube lengths. The Ostwald-de Waele power law of viscous fluid is considered here to depict the non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid. The model is formulated and analyzed with the specific aim of exploring some important information concerning the movement of food bolus through the esophagus. The analysis has been carried out by using lubrication theory. The study is particularly suitable for cases where the Reynolds number is small. The esophagus is treated as a circular tube through which the transport of food bolus takes places by periodic contraction of the esophageal wall. Variation of different variables concerned with the transport phenomena such as pressure, flow velocity, particle trajectory and reflux are investigated for a single wave as well as for a train of periodic peristaltic waves. Locally variable pressure is seen to be highly sensitive to the flow index `n'. The study clearly shows that continuous fluid transport for Newtonian/rheological fluids by wave train propagation is much more effective than widely spaced single wave propagation in the case of peristaltic movement of food bolus in the esophagus.Comment: Accepted for publication in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (AMM), Springe